Sunday, October 08, 2006
365 sex tips - Dumont monte
22 - Choose a certain day of the month on which your or your partner's every wish will be fulfilled. Make these "X-Days" a permanent item on your (love-) calendar.
28 - Massage the skin of your partner's head gently first, then with increasing pressure. In between, use all your fingers to stroke your partner's hair. Don't neglect to revise the temples and neck with gentle circles of your fingertips.
44 - Your hands are not the only way to touch your partner - let you imagination run wild. Your tongue, hair fingernails and nipples have very special effects on your partner's skin
50 - Breathing is not only important for relaxation. Your warm breath on your partner's various erogenous zones has a reassuringly tender and deliciously stimulating effect.
51 - With stimulating touch, just as in love-making itself, variety is the A and O. Your touch should never be predictable for your partner, so vary your technique (circling with the whole palm of your hand, only with fingertips, running your palms or fingertips up and down, etc.) as well as the speed and the pressure you exert.
77 - If you have a bathtub, you should definitely include it in your intimate life. Warm relaxes the body, so make sure that the temperature remains pleasant. Candles can provide a romantic atmosphere in an otherwise rather sterile and overly bright bathroom. Adding an aphrodisiac bath salt or bubbles will release a wonderful aroma. Prepare a little snack and something to drink - you shouldn't have any trouble coming up with something fo dessert!
83 - Make a date with your partner for a day or a period of time in which you both go about your business at home - naked. You will find that your fantasy is unleashed. Suddenly your entire home is an erotic playground.
85 - If your powers of imagination should be running low, try watching an erotic film together, one you have both agreed on in advance. The selection process alone can tell you a lot about your partner's erotic preferences.
88 - Many women find the following breast massage highly stimulating: Use a finger to trace a spiral from the outside to the inside of one breast, and then the other. Softly squeeze the skin around the nipple between your index finger and thumb, then move your fingers over the skin in this manner toward the edge of the breast. To finish off, press the nipple gently between your index finger and thumb and glide upwards.
89 - Lead your partner's hands on a "tour of your own body. This will be a completely unexpected pleasure for both of you.
90 - Most people find it highly arousing to receive gentle kisses on their ear lobes. The neck is another particularly erogenous zone. Spoil with delicate strokes and kisses.
91 - Arouse your partner with "love bites" - gently grip their skin with your teeth and move it back and forth. Naturally, not every area of skin is designed to accommodate nibbling, but some are particularlt suited for it: The neck and the inside of the thighs are extremely sensitive to biting. Tongue the skin while you gently bite with your teeth to create a fascinating combination of biting and kissing, hard and soft.
92 - Caress your partner's body with your open mouth so that just your teeth touch the skin, scintillatingly threatening to bite unexpectedly at any moment.
95 - The sun is shining. Surprise your partner during the lunch break with an unexpected visit and an invitation to join you for a frolic in a park.
101 - Playing blind man's bluff develops trust between partners, and is a lot of fun at the same time. It is best to take turns. Both people should be naked, and one is blind-folded. Gently stoke your "blind" partner with brushes, fruits, clothe, etc., and let her or him guess what you are using, or surprise your partner by rubbing their body with oil, leading them into a shared warm bath, or whatever else occurs to you. Whatever you do, make sure that your movements and touch are not abrupt and that the temperature is comfortable. This is not a good time to try out new "toys", as any negative experiences would quickly ruin the relaxed and trusting atmosphere.
103 - Whispering descriptions of erotic images during lovemaking can be incredibly seductive. We also tend to associate exotic and erotic images with the sound of another language. So why not try a foreign language at the peak of your lovemaking? "Je t'aime" or "ti amo" can work like magic-and you don't have to go through customs to say them.
108 - Go through your home and identify every spot in which you can imagine having sex. Then make a list with your partner, and plan to try all of the listed spots, one after the other, within a set amount of time. Or write all the places a small pieces of paper and before the next time you have sex, one of you draws the next "scene of the crime" out of a hat. Or stash one of those small pieces of paper in your partner's jacket pocket. Or send your partner an email at work with the rendezvous location. Or...
110 - Go the movies together and relive your teenage dreams in the last row. The film - and we are not talking about The Lion King - will be even more exciting if neither of you is wearing underwear...
112 - Sometimes while you are on the phone with your partner, drop a comment out of the blue like "I'd like to undress you right now," or "I'm imagining that I'm nuzzling your earlobe." You will immediately hear the impact you have on your unsuspecting partner!
118 - "Playing doctor" is still effective because it is not only a game with physical contact, but also involves authority and submission. When it is your turn to be the patient, let yourself be examined thoroughly.
121 - Go to a party separately without arranging a meeting time beforehand. When you meet up, flirt with each other outrageously and let the surprise of the other quests at your behavior animate you.
122 . Set aside a whole day for speaking a foreign language that your partner doesn't understand. You'll be forced to depend on your eyes and hands for communication, and your predictable daily routine will be absolutely altered. You'll suddenly find yourselves dealing with each other in new, creative ways.
126 - A women can reach new height of ecstasy if she simultaneously or alternately contracts the vaginal and anal muscles during sexual intercourse. For men, too, vaginal contractions during penetration are an unbeatable sensation.
130 – A woman’s pelvic floor muscle (“love muscle”) determines the circulation within her genitalia and thus her degree of sensation during sex. It should therefore be exercised! While urinating, you can stop the flow by tensing the love muscle; relaxation resumes the flow. This exercise is particularly useful when becoming consciously aware of your love muscle.
131 – Lovemaking on a waterbed is definitely worth a try. The wave-like movement of the surface is not only extremely comfortable, but also provides additional stimulation in response to your movements.
135 – Stimulation of her anus with a finger while making love can be a very erogenous supplement for her and for him.
137 – Many men and women find it particularly arousing to receive light spanks on the buttocks while making love.
138 – Everywhere that your partner is ticklish is also a spot where he or she is highly sensitive. It is worth locating these areas for a particularly intensive and pleasurable erogenous massage. Be sure to check out foot soles and armpits, navel ad hollows of the knees.
141 – Chocolate is one of the sweetest aphrodisiacs, particularly in combination with body painting. Try spreading your partner’s body with chocolate syrup and then licking off every laste trace.
142 – Deliberately avoid having sex for a few days, and then make an “appointment” with your partner for the next time you make love. Anticipation can be the best foreplay!
143 – Telling each other dirty jokes not only gets you into the right mood, but also loosens the atmosphere. Sex should not be a serious obligation!
144 – The best time for him to have se is at 9, when his testosterone level is highest. Check it out for yourself! Same timeworks for her as well – it’s a good start to the day, since a woman’s testosterone level often adjusts to that of her partner over time.
146 – According to a study, the three most erotic colors for her and for him are red-orange, dark blue, and violet. Surround yourselves with these colors during sex and see what happens.
153 – If you le on your back in such a way that your head is hanging down over the edge of the bed, you will probably experience a more intense orgasm, since more blood flows into your brain ad your breathing is stimulated.
154 - In the third week of a woman’s menstrual cycle, (the days following ovulation) her testosterone level is at its peak and she experiences more desire than at other times of the month. Most women also reach a climax more easily during this period.
159 – The eyes are among the most sensitive areas of the body. As a result, attention to the eyes requires a special feel. Kiss your partner tenderly on the eyelids, and trace the eyebrows delicately with your tongue. Be sure to allow yourself plenty of time, since this form of physical contact can be extremely delicate and intimate.
161 – Go to bed early one night with your partner and set the alarm so that you are awakened from your dreams a few hours later. In this situation, sex can be particularly intense.
162 – Try using a condom with nibs inside out. He ill soon discover that the nibs are not only pleasurable for her.
166 – Kissing during a climax is one of the most passionate experiences possible and will remain imprinted in you memory.
168 – When was the last time you rode on a roller coaster? Such experiences increase your adrenaline and release endorphins, the body’s natural “drugs”, which results in an increase in sexual desire.
171 – October is an excellent month to go on a romantic holiday with your partner – in this month the male testosterone level has its annual peak!
178 – The hollows of the knees are particularly erogenous skin zones. Enjoy an elaborate finger massage followed by stroking with the tongue on the back of your knees.
181 – Problems letting and achieving truly intense sex is often related to a fear of losing control. Allow yourself to switch off your mind and let yourself act according to your feelings! The more you lose control, the more intense he sex.
186 – Spoil your partner sometime by concentratedly stroking and kissing yor partner’s face. Begin with the fingertips of both hands, than switch to the palms of your hands, and eventually use your mouth, lips and tongue. These tender moves are not highly pleasurable, they also deepen trust between you.
194 – A particularly exciting kind of kiss meanders from one ear to the other, by way of the mouth. Start this kiss wit your lips, turn it into a French kiss at your partner’s mouth and let it evolve back into a lip kiss on your way to the other ear.
196 – Circle your partner’s breasts in a swimming motion (in opposite directions), starting at the sternum, and then stoke them with the hollow of the hand in up and down movements without touching the nipples. Repeat this for several minutes before stroking the nipples with your fingertips. This massage magically intensifies the stimulation of the nipples.
199 – Whisper declarations of love or erotic fantasies into your partner’s ear in a low voce that can just barely be heard. This sensuous act is not only effective owing to the power of a quite voice, but also due to the intimate touch of your lips and breath on the ear, which is very sensitive.
Saturday, July 08, 2006
“Working with Emotional Intelligence” by Daniel Goleman
### Self-Awareness
## Emotional awareness
## Accurate self-assessment
## Self-confidence
### Self-Regulation
## Self-Control
## Trustworthiness
## Conscientiousness
## Adaptability
## Innovation
### Motivation
## Achievement drive
## Commitment
## Initiative
## Optimism
#### SOCIAL COMPETENCE
### Empathy
## Understanding others
## Developing others
## Service orientation
## Leveraging diversity
## Political awareness
### Social Skills
## Influence
## Communication
## Conflict management
## Leadership
## Change catalyst
## Building bonds
## Collaboration and cooperation
## Team capabilities
#### A new Model of Learning
## The billion-Dollar mistake
## Best Practices
#### The Emotionally Intelligent Organization
### Taking the Organizational Pulse
##Burnouts
## Core issues of hidden feelings and assumptions
### The Heart of Performance
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#### PERSONAL COMPETENCE
These competencies determine how we manage ourselves.
### Self-Awareness
Knowing one's internal states, preferences, resources and intuitions
## Emotional awareness
Recognizing one's emotions and their effects
People with this competence
- Know which emotions they are feeling and why
- Realize the links between their feelings and what they think, do, and say
- Recognize how their feelings affect their performance'
- Have a guiding awareness of their values and goals
It takes a mental pause to become sensitive to the subterranean murmur of mood – a moment we rarely take. We typically become aware of emotions only when they build up and boil over. But if we are attentive, we can experience them at subtler levels long before they emerge so strongly.
You have to force yourself to spend some time away from the hustle and bustle of your job in order to get down to reality again.
People who are non-satisfied for their career choices realise in their late forties that something is missing. Highly successful entrepreneurs might say that they don't like what they are doing and they are much happier fixing the engine on their boat and so on. It might be triggered by a marriage falling apart or by finding they're making mistakes because of their inner turmoil. These can be fruitful crises: It starts to crack open their hard veneer - they start to feel emotions they never let themselves feel before, and take a new look at that side of their lives.
Who am I? Where am I going? What do I want?
People have to stop thinking of their feelings as irrelevant and messy.
## Accurate self-assessment
Knowing one's strengths and limits
People with this competence
§ Aware of their strengths and weaknesses
§ Reflective, learning from experiences
§ Open to candid feedback, new perspectives, continuous learning, and self development
§ Able to show a sense of humour and perspective about themselves
Blind Spots
§ Blind ambition – has to win or appear “right” at all costs
§ Unrealistic goals – sets overly ambitious
§ Relentless striving – compulsively hardworking at the expense of all else in life
§ Drives others – pushes other people too hard
§ Power hungry – seeks power for his or her own interests
§ Insatiable need for recognition – takes credit for others’ efforts and puts blame on them for mistakes
§ Preoccupation with appearances – is overly concerned with public image
§ Need to seem perfect – enraged by or rejects criticism
Before you can lead others, before you can help others, you have to discover yourself.
People who are self-aware are also better performers. Example professor who used “on it” word every sentence changed his habit by asking students to raise their hands whenever they heard the words.
## Self-confidence
A strong sense of one's self-worth and capabilities
People with this competence
§ Present themselves with self-assurance; have “presence”
§ Can voice views that are unpopular and go out on a limb for what is right
§ Are decisive, able to make sound decisions despite uncertainties and pressures
Notes
Self-confidence gives us the requisite self-assurance for plunging ahead or stepping in as a leader.
Extreme self-confidence can look like arrogance, especially if the person lacks social skills and it also doesn’t mean brashness.
Highly self-confident people can seem to exude charisma, inspiring confidence in those around them.
To sum up in one word the qualities that make a good manager, it all comes down to decisiveness.
Having skills alone is not enough to guarantee our best performance – we have to believe in our skills in order to use them at their best.
### Self-Regulation
Managing one's internal states, impulses and resources
## Self-Control
Keeping disruptive emotions and impulses in check
People with this competence
§ Manage their impulsive feelings and distressing emotions well
§ Stay composed, positive, and unflappable even in trying moments
§ Think clearly and stay focused under pressure
Notes
Emotional self-control does not mean denying true feelings.
“Bad” moods have their uses (source of creativity, energy).
If you are sitting there watching the stock market crash and someone coughs in your face, you will probably get the flu.
## Trustworthiness
Maintaining standards of honesty and integrity
People with this competence
§ Act ethically and are above reproach
§ Build trust through their reliability and authenticity
§ Admit their own mistakes and confront unethical actions in others
§ Take tough, principles stands even if they are unpopular
Notes
## Conscientiousness
Taking responsibility for personal performance
People with this competence
§ Meet commitments and keep promises
§ Hold themselves accountable for meeting their objectives
§ Are organized and careful in their work
Notes
Since conscientious people demand so much of themselves they may be overly judgmental to co-workers.
The may lack of empathy and social skills.
## Adaptability
Flexibility in handling change
People with this competence
§ Smoothly handle multiple demands, shifting priorities, and rapid change
§ Adapt their responses and tactics to fit fluid circumstances
§ Are flexible in how they see events
## Innovation
Being comfortable with novel ideas, approaches and new information
People with this competence
§ Seek out fresh ideas from a wide variety of sources
§ Entertain original solutions to problems
§ Generate new ideas
§ Take fresh perspectives and risks in their thinking
Notes
Self-control – in the sense of following the rules predicts failure in innovation.
“Creativity killers”
§ Surveillance – Hovering and constant scrutiny. This stifles the essential sense of freedom need for creative thinking
§ Evaluation – A critical view that comes to soon or is too intense. Evaluation is counterproductive when it leads to a preoccupation with being judged.
§ Overcontrol – Like surveillance, it fosters an oppressive sense of constriction, which discourages originality.
§ Relentless deadlines – A too-intense schedule that creates panic.
### Motivation
Emotional tendencies that guide or facilitate reaching goals
## Achievement drive
Striving to improve or meet a standard of excellence
People with this competence
§ Are results-oriented, with a high drive to meet their objectives and standards
§ Set challenging goals and take calculated risks
§ Pursue information to reduce uncertainty and find was to do better
§ Learn how to improve their performance
Notes
When job has been mastered the danger of stagnation rises sharply. That explain why midlife is notorious time for career changes. Taking on something new, keep yourself engaged in your work.
Affiliation – liking people – is fine when serves to strengthen relationship in the course of getting the task done, but if you are too caught up with personal relationships at work you can lose sight of the manager’s tasks.
## Commitment
Aligning with the goals of the group or organization
People with this competence
§ Readily make sacrifices to meet a larger organizational goal
§ Find a sense of purpose in the larger mission
§ Use the group’s core values in making decisions and clarifying choices
§ Actively seek out opportunities to fulfill the group’s mission
Notes
Employees who feel strong organizational commitment will put up with highly stressful job conditions if need be long hours, deadline, pressure, and the like – out of devotion to collective goals.
Employees must be treated fairly and respectfully. The more support employees feel from their organization, the more trust, attachment, and loyalty they will feel, and the better organizational citizens they will be.
Once lost trust – and the commitment that stems from it – is hard to rebuild.
Loyalty to the company means – loyalty to your colleges, your team, your project, your customers, yourself.
##Initiative
Readiness to act on opportunities
People with this competence
§ Are ready to seize opportunities
§ Pursue goals beyond what’s required or expected of them
§ Cut through red tape and bend the rules when necessary to get the job done
§ Mobilize others through unusual, enterprising efforts
Notes
Initiative without empathy – or a sense of the bigger picture – can be destructive and typifies managers who perform poorly.
Mistakes are treasures, a chance to improve. Many managers have to realize they should be more tolerant of people’s mistakes – not punish them for it, but help them learn from it.
## Optimism
Persistence in pursuing goals despite obstacles and setbacks
People with this competence
§ Persist in seeking goals despite obstacles and setbacks
§ Operate from hope of success rather than fear of failure
§ See setbacks as due to manageable circumstance rather than a personal flaw
SOCIAL COMPETENCE
These competencies determine how we handle relationships
### Empathy
Awareness of others' feelings, needs, and concerns.
Notes
Empathy is when you sense what your client hopes for, fears – even if he can’t express it in words.
We have to sense our own feelings – have high self-awareness and self-control – and after that we can sense others feelings
Being able to read another’s emotions; at a higher level, it entails sensing our own feeling – sensing and responding to a person’s unspoken concerns or feelings.
To receive clearly the other person’s signals we have to put aside our own emotional agendas for the time.
Picking up the social rhythm and timing of those we work with is essential.
Children on the playground: Children who don’t pick up the crucial cues for smooth intersection; when they want to join a game, they will often just wade in and thereby disrupt it. More socially skilled children, wait and watch awhile. They tune in to the game first and then enter seamlessly at a natural opening.
## Understanding others
Sensing others' feelings and perspectives and taking an active interest in their concerns
People with this competence
§ Are attentive to emotional cues and listen well
§ Show sensitivity and understand other’s perspectives
§ Help out based on understanding other people’s needs and feelings
Notes
Identifying to strongly with someone else’s need, we are more prone to go to extremes in helping them, even that decision harms the collective good.
“Empathy distress” where one person “catches” another person’s upset or joining other person’s pain or distress.
Two common misunderstandings: confusing empathy with psychologizing and belief that empathizing with people is the same as agreeing with them.
The top performers listen and understood the other’s feelings, and offers advice without imposing their own “diagnoses” of what was behind the problem.
Such psychological theorizing may be of interest, even helpful, over a cup of coffee between friends – but it is not appropriate at work.
Understanding someone’s point of view or perspective – knowing why they feel as they do – does not inevitably mean embracing it.
## Developing others
Sensing others' development needs and bolstering their abilities
People with this competence
§ Acknowledge and reward people’s strengths and accomplishments
§ Offer useful feedback and identify people’s needs for further growth
§ Mentor, give timely coaching, and offer assignments that challenge and foster a person’s skills
Notes
Strong coaching or mentoring helps employees perform better enhances loyalty and job satisfaction.
An open, trusting relationship is the foundation of success in on-the-job coaching.
Managing upward – helping a superior to do a better job – is part of this art.
You have to let people to know what they need to improve.
To promote positive expectations: let others take the lead in setting their own goals, rather than dictating the terms and manner of their development; point to problems without offering a solution, this implies they can find the solution themselves.
Putting to much emphasis on coaching and development at the expense of other needs is a danger. Managers who devote too much time and effort to coaching and too little to leading end up doing a mediocre job a best.
## Service orientation
Anticipating, recognizing and meeting customers' needs
People with this competence
§ Understand customers’ needs and match them to services or products
§ Seek ways to increase customers’ satisfaction and loyalty
§ Gladly offer appropriate assistance
§ Grasp a customer’s perspective, acting as a trusted advisor
Notes
Being trusted advisor means occasionally taking a position that runs against the immediate interest of one’s own organization, but is the correct action for the client.
Expressing empathic concern before going on and noting signs of discomfort in response to suggestion leads to resentment.
## Leveraging diversity
Cultivating opportunities through different kinds of people
People with this competence
§ Respect and relate well to people from varied backgrounds
§ Understand diverse worldviews and are sensitive to group differences
§ See diversity as opportunity, creating an environment where diverse people can thrive
§ Challenge bias and intolerance
Notes
Group stereotypes can have an emotional power that negatively affects performance.
The vastly greater variety of people working in organisations of every kind demands a greater awareness of the subtle distortions that stereotypes and bias bring to working relationships.
## Political awareness
Reading a group's emotional currents and power relationships
People with this competence
§ Accurately read key power relationships
§ Detect crucial social networks
§ Understand the focuses that shape views and actions of clients, customers, or competitors
§ Accurately read organizational and external realities
Notes
People with political awareness are able to distance themselves a bit, setting aside their own emotional involvement events to see with more objectivity (can take multiple perspectives.
### Social Skills
Adeptness at inducing desirable responses in others
## Influence
Wielding effective tactics for persuasion
People with this competence
§ Are skilled at winning people over
§ Fine-tune presentations to appeal to the listener
§ Use complex strategies like indirect influence to build consensus and support
§ Orchestrate dramatic events to effectively make a point
Signs of weaknesses in persuading people
§ Failure to build a coalition or get “buy-in”
§ Over reliance on a familiar strategy instead of choosing the best one for the moment
§ Bull-headed promotion of a point of view, no matter the feedback
§ Being ignored or failing to inspire interest
§ Having a negative impact
## Communication
Listening openly and sending convincing messages
People with this competence
§ Are effective in give-and-take, registering emotional cues in attuning their message
§ Deal with difficult issues straightforwardly
§ Listen well, seek mutual understanding, and welcome sharing of information fully
§ Foster open communication and stay receptive to bad news as well as good
Notes
When you communicate openly you unlock the value of a person and open the possibility of getting the best out of people – their energy, creativity.
## Conflict management
Negotiating and resolving disagreements
People with this competence
§ Handle difficult people and tense situations with diplomacy and tact
§ Spot potential conflict, bring disagreements into the open, and help de-escalate
§ Encourage debate and open discussion
§ Orchestrate win-win solutions
Notes
The process of negotiation itself restores cooperation between conflicting parties. Solving their problems together transform their relationship.
Those negotiation where used problem solving or compromise, their long term relationship increased.
Classic moves for cooling down conflicts
§ First, calm down, tune in to your feelings, and express them.
§ Show a willingness to work things out by talking over the issue rather than escalating it with more aggression
§ State your own point of view in neutral language rather than in an argumentative tone
§ Try to find equitable ways to resolve the dispute, working together to find a resolution both sides can embrace
## Leadership
Inspiring and guiding individuals and groups
People with this competence
§ Articulate and arouse enthusiasm for a shared vision and mission
§ Step forward to lead as needed, regardless of position
§ Guide the performance of others while holding them accountable
§ Lead by example
Notes
The art of leadership lies how a person implements change, not just in change itself.
People in groups spend more time looking at the leader than at anyone else. A small change in the facial expression or tone of voice of a powerful figure can have more impact than dramatic shows of feelings by someone in a lesser position of power.
With disturbing emotions a leader saps other people’s energy by making than anxious, depressed, or angry.
Emotional charisma depends on: feeling strong emotions, being able to express those emotions forcefully, and being an emotional sender rather than a receiver.
The most effective leaders are warm and outgoing, emotionally expressive, democratic, and trusting.
Leadership demands though decision-making: someone has to tell people what to do, hold people to their obligations, be explicit about consequences. Persuasion, consensus building, and all other arts of influence do not always do the job. Sometimes it comes down t simply using the power of one’s position to get people to act.
In top-performing managers and executives, the drive of personal ambition is held in check by strong self-control, and focused toward collective goals.
The old static structure of managers and subordinates is outdated.
## Change catalyst
Initiating or managing change
People with this competence
§ Recognize the need for change and remove barriers
§ Challenge the status quo to acknowledge the need for change
§ Champion the change and enlist others in its pursuit
§ Model the change expected of others
Notes
The difference between a renter and a owner – owners are dedicated.
Leaders recognize the value of a new idea or way of doing thing; they often are not the ones who originated the innovation.
Management refers to the ways complex enterprises are kept orderly, no chaotic, and productive. Leadership, by contrast, refers to effectively handling the changes that the competitiveness and volatility of the times have wrought.
## Building bonds
Nurturing instrumental relationship
People with this competence
§ Cultivate and maintain extensive informal networks
§ Seek out relationships that are mutually beneficial
§ Build rapport and keep others in the loop
§ Make and maintain personal friendships among work associates
Notes
Superb intellect and technical talents alone do not make people great team members. High-IQ members spend too much of their time in competitive debate and everyone are so busy trying to be the intellectual star.
## Collaboration and cooperation
Working with others toward shared goals
People with this competence
§ Balance a focus on task with attention to relationships
§ Collaborate, sharing plans, information, and resources
§ Promote a friendly, cooperative climate
§ Spot and nurture opportunities for collaboration
## Team capabilities
Creating group synergy in pursuing collective goals
People with this competence
§ Model team qualities like respect, helpfulness, and cooperation
§ Draw all members into active and enthusiastic participation
§ Build team identity, esprit de corps, and commitment
§ Protect the group and its reputation; share credit
Notes
“None of us are as smart as all of us”
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A new Model of Learning
The billion-Dollar mistake
Men and women seem equally able to increase their EI. While women tend to be stronger in competencies based on empathy and social skills, with men doing better in those based on self-regulation. Also men and women can improve to the same extent, no matter where they start out on a giving competence.
Purely cognitive capacities (IQ) remain relatively fixed, Emotional competence can be learned at any point of life. No matter how insensitive, shy, hot-tempered, awkward, or tuned-out people may be with motivation ant the right effort they can cultivate emotional competence.
One of the best ways to be accepted into the team is to voluntarily help them out in something.
There is a crucial difference between declarative knowledge, knowing a concept and its technical details, and procedural knowledge, being able to put those concepts and details into action. Example knowing how to play piano doesn’t mean you are capable at playing piano.
What has been learned can be unlearned.
Learning in school is, in essence, adding information and understanding to the memory banks of the neocortex.
Best Practices
The best strategy to avoiding destructive encounters is to prevent them.
Common mistake is focusing on people’s weaknesses and failing to note their strong points.
If people are not ready to take action, forcing them will lead to disaster: the sham of going through the motions only to satisfy others, resentment rather than enthusiasm, quitting.
“The feeling ‘I can do it’ is the motor that drives change.” – Robert Caplan
Breaking goals into smaller steps offers easier challenges – and success.
When it comes to emotional competence, all of life can be the arena for change; life itself is the best classroom.
Quick muscle-relaxation method: tighten all the muscles in your body, then let go all at once.
Every relationship is an opportunity for both individuals to practise their personal competencies, and so grow and improve together.
People who develop multiple relationships with a range of co-workers in varying areas of competence stand to improve the most.
Liking does not imply learning.
There are two ways to get fired here. One: not meet your numbers. Two: lie. But the fastest way to get fired is to lie about your numbers.
The Emotionally Intelligent Organization
### Taking the Organizational Pulse
## Burnouts
§ Work overload – too much work to do, with too little time
§ Lack of autonomy – workers see ways to do their work better but are held back by rigid rules.
§ Skimpy rewards – getting too little pay for more work
§ Loss of connection – increasing isolation on the job
§ Unfairness – inequities in how people are treated
§ Value conflicts – a mismatch between a person’s principles and the demands of their job
## Core issues of hidden feelings and assumptions
§ Fear of being wrong led people to withhold information
§ The bosses’ need to control got in the way of people on the team using their best capabilities
§ Suspicion is widespread –people saw each other as unhelpful and not to be trusted
### The Heart of Performance
Twenty or thirty years ago people were willing to give up everything – family, marriage, private time – for their company’s success. Nowadays it is simple wrong answer and way of living.
What we do at the top is what we do at the top is what we do at the bottom. Sharing the work cements relationships vertically in a very strong way, while the stability and reward structure cements relationships horizontally.
Theodor Zeldin "Vestluskunst"
Kui te alati täpselt ühesugust toitu serveerite, pole teil peagi selle kohta enam midagi uut öelda. Eksootilisemad toidud on kandnud vestluse teistesse tsivilisatsioonidesse ja teistesse sajanditesse.
Nagu perekonnad, nii sureb ka vestlus, kui selles puudub värske veri või kui teie külalistel on olnud enam-vähem samasugune kogemus nagu teil. Ühesugusest ametist või ühesuguse hobiga inimesed on kohtudes väga harva väga innustavad jutuni jõudnud. Selleks, et seikluseks muutuda, peab vestlus liikuma uutele maastikele. Nt Jamaical eksisteerib süsteem, mille aluses kutsuvad kohalikud elanikud välismaiseid turiste oma lõunasöökidele lihtsalt võimaluse pärast võõraste inimestega kohtuda.
Mida enam me paigutame lapsi eraldiseisvasse noortekultuuri, seda vaesemaks jääb meie ja nende vestlus. Vahest oleks aeg anda neile täiskasvanute maailmas ja perekondlikus elus huvitavam roll.
Me oleme alles väga hiljuti teinud uuesti algust vestlusega, mis jätab kõrvale klassierinevused ja keskendub ühistele huvidele nagu sport ja poliitika. Kuid rääkimine selliste inimestega, kellega meil pealtnäha midagi ühist ei ole, väärib isegi kaugemale minekut.
Crick eelistas tarkadele ajakirjadele alati vestlust; ta pidas oluliseks kohtuda teadlastega, kes olid läbi viinud huvitavaid eksperimente, sest teaduslike artiklite värvivaeses stiilis jääb alati midagi ütlemata. Ta esitas naiivseid küsimusi, põhjendades seda sellega, et ta peab asju enda jaoks lihtsustama, et neist aru saada. Ja nii võimaldasidki vestlused talle uusi avastusi.
Me ileme vaikselt selle poole liikunud sellistes alatustes nagu vabatahtlik teenistus, ühelt töökohalt teisele liikumine, mitmekülgsed oskused; baaskursused, töökogemus ja lõputu hulk lühikesi väljaõppekursusi kuid me pole oluliselt muutnud tööl toimuva vestluse olemust.
Ma küsisin ühelt arstilt, kui palju tal kuluks aega, et mind arstiks õpetada - kuus nädalat. Ma küsisin ühelt insenerilt, kui palju kuluks tal aega, et mind inseneriks õpetada - kolm kuud. Loomulikult mitte päris arstiks või inseneriks vaid piisavalt, et ma saaksin aru nende keelest ja nende probleemidest, et ma õpiksin selgeks nende mõtlemise tuuma. Kas teid huvitaks võimalus kulutada aega selleks, et teid pühendatakse kolm, nelja isegi viie ameti saladustesse, et te õpiksite rääkima nende keelt, kogeksite nende probleeme ja stressi, jälgiksite, kuidas leitakse lahendusi, elaksite otsuselangetajate vahetus läheduses ja näeksite, kui palju otsused on vältimatud ja kui paljud meelevaldsed?
Minge vanamoodsale idamaisele turule ja te näete poepidajaid, kes tahavad samavõrd teiega lihtsalt sõbraks saada, isegi teile kohvi pakkuda, kui teiega kaupa sõlmida. Kaasaegsed juhid peaksid neid vähe tõhusaks, kuid poepidaja tervikliku elu seisukohast, mis ihkab ssaada osaks laiemast kooslusest kui tema enda kaubanduslik ringkond, on see vägagi tõhus.
Mida rohkem me maailma näeme, seda ulatuslikum on meie uudisimu. Praegu õhutab seda uudishimu pigem meedia kui ülikoolid ja töökohad. Kui me tahame vältida nendes lämbumist, peame laiendama neis mõlemas toimuvaid vestlusi.
Enne busside, rongide ja tänavaautode leiutamist üheksateistkümnendal sajandil olid inimesed võimetud minutite ja tundide kaupa üksteisele otsa vaatama...ilma üksteisega rääkimata.
Kui ma tudeng olin, tavatses üks minu ülikooli filosoofia juhendaja kodus lõunasööke korraldada, kutsus sinna kolm-neli eri eriala tudengit. Toredad kohmakad ja meeldejäävad vestlused olid.
Jane Austen ütles, et inimsne ei saa korraliku vestlust pidada, kui ta loeb ainult ajalehti, mõeldes sellega seda, et ainult raamatutes on piisavalt ärgitavaid ideid, mis lasevad teil erialased vestlused üldisteks aruteludeks muuta.
Vestlus seab teid silmitsi ükikisikutega ja kogu nende inimliku keerukusega. Meie haridus ei ole täielik enne, kui me oleme vestelnud iga mandri ja ia tsivilisatsiooniga. See on alandlikkust õpetav kogemus, mis teeb meid teadlikuks sellest tohutust pingutusest, mida nõuab rahus elamine keset nii suurt ebaõiglust, kuid mis annab meile ka suurt lootust iga kord, kui kellelgi õnnestub alustada vestlust, millest areneb välja jagatud inimsuse tunnetamine, vastastikune lugupidamine. Pärast sellist vestlust ei ole keegi enam endine.
Tuleks aidata noortel põgeneda spetsialiseeritud töökohtade ja õppetöö piiratusest, aitame neil saada generalistideks ning anname vanematele inimestele rohkem võimalusi oma kogemusi noortega jagama, et eri põlvkonnad ja teadmised ei saaks üksteisest lahutatud.
Wednesday, March 29, 2006
K.H.Spencer Pickett; Jennifer M. Picket"Valgekraede pettused - ennetamine, tuvastamine ja tagajärgede analüüs"
## PõhikomponendidValgekraelisele kuritegevusele annab tõuke võimaluse, vahendite ja motiivi üheaegne esinemine (Edwin H.Sutherland).
Lisaks võib jaotada pettuste võtmeteguriks veel tajutud võimalust, mittejagatud survet ja ratsionaliseerimist (Donald R. Cressey).
Võimalus eksisteerib seal, kus järelvalve organisatsiooni varade üle on nõrk. Ränka survet rahamurede näol võib ette tulla igas perekonnas igal ajal. Kui seda muret üldse ei jagata, siis ei pruugita ka kaaluda võimalikke lahendusi. Teo kordasaatjad on võimelised oma tegusid õigustama, vähemalt iseenda silmis. Vabandused võivad olla väga lihtsad näiteks " enamik töötajaid käitub samamoodi või veelgi hullemini."
Ühiskond hindab nii edukust kui ka isiklikku ausust. Kui need kaks mõistet omavahel vastuollu sattuvad, tuleb inimsele teha selge valik. Mis on tähtsam? Kas omandada ühiskonnas lugupeetav positsioon või leevendada rahalist kriisi, mille võib põhjustada näiteks kolledzi õppemaks, ravikulud või lahtutusega kaasnevad kulud. Ratsionaliseerimine võib pakkuda inimesel võimaluse loobuda oma aususest ränkraske rahamure tõttu. Lisaks võib teo sooritaja väita, et ta võtab üksnes seda, mis talle õigusega kuulub; maksab selle kõik hiljem tagasi jne.Asja tuum on selles, et organisatsiooni professionaalsed, lugupeetud ja usaldusväärsed liikmed võivad sooritada pettuse selle organisatsiooni vastu väga mitmesugustel põhjustel, mis tunduvad neile endile mõistlikud.
Seal, kus järelvalve on nõrk, eetilised standardid olematud ja kontroll organisatsiooni üle puudub, muutuvad töötajatepoolsed tõsised pettused ja salatsemised märksa tõenaolisemaks.
Valgeraeline kuritegevus näib olevat kriminaalse maailma meeldivam pool, sest enamasti ei kaasne sellega vägivalda ja selle toimepanijaid tunduvad olema samasugused inimesed, nagu elavad teie naaberkorteris (PhD Gerald Vinten).
Ziglari müügialadused
Te võite saada kõik, mida soovite, kui te vaid aitate piisavalt teistel inimestel saada seda, mida nemad soovivad.
Mõistlik müük
"EI" tähendab sageli teadmatust
Vältige ülemüümist (46)
Inimese kasulikust Meile ei saa otsustada tema välimuse järgi (50)
Hääletrenn müügitehingu heaks
Hääl muudab mõtet (53)
§ "Mina ei öelnud, et tema varastas raha." - Selles lauses on 7 erinevat mõtet, kui sõnu erinevalt hääldada.
Teie õigustate või tema kaitseb (54)
§ "See hind on naeruväärne?" - Tuleb luua olukord kus klient kaitseb oma seisukohta, mitte teie.
Kaotushirm (55)
§ Kaotushirm on suurem kui omandamisiha. - Makstes toote eest vähem kui peaksite maksma võib toode mitte teha mis on vajalik, seega kaotame kõik. Samas aga makstes toote eest veidi rohkem ja toode teeb mis on vajalik kaotame natuke.
Hind (57)
§ Kas hind või maksumus paneb teid muretsema?
Kliendid unustavad hinna mitte kvaliteedi (61)
§ Inimesed unustavad hinna, kuid nad ei unusta kunagi kehva kvaliteeti või kehva valikut.
Toida oma ego või müü (62)
§ Mõlemat korraga teha ei saa.
Professionaalne müük ja tarnimine
Häbi (66)
§ “Teate, see on ikka häbiasi küll! Mees kulutab üle saja dollari kingadele ja mitusada dollarit oma ülikonnale, püüdes iga hinna eest hea välja näha. Ja siis ei raatsi ta kulutada veel ühte dollarit, et saada oma kingadele läige, mis põrmustaks kogu maailma!”
???????????????
Teie suhtumine iseendasse
§ Te ei pea üles ehitama äri, vaid teil tuleb üles ehitada inimesed ja siis ehitavad inimesed üles äri
Probleem - kehv imidz (98)
§ 99 % viivitajatest vaevleb enesehinnanguprobleemide käes
Keegi ei saa panna teid tundma alaväärtuslikuna, kui te seda ei luba (100)
Teie suhtumine teistesse inimestesse (102)
§ Ole kena nagu seda on kõik poliitikud, ärimehed, jne
§ Tippagendi üks olulisemaid omadusi on tahe selgitada müüdava toote negatiivseid külgi
Reservide loomine müümisel
Harjutage füüsilise reservi loomiseks
§ Te peate olema päeva viimase kliendiga sama entusiastlikum kui päeva esimese kliendiga.
§ “Nälg teeb kõigist argpüksid.” – Toituge tervislikult.
§ Lõpetada tänane päev ja alustada järgmine päev tulemuslikult tuleks päeva viimane müük võimalikult hästi läbi viia – see annab meile emotsionaalse ning entusiastliku süsti päeva lõpetamiseks ning järgmise päeva alustamiseks ja mis kõige olulisem – meis tekib rahulolu ja tunnustus.
§ Hoolitsege oma tervise eest, sest füüsiline valmisolek on väga oluline – käituge endaga samamoodi nagu te käituksite miljoni kroonise võidusõiduhobusega ehk siis mingit suitsu, kohvi, alkoholi jne.
§ Aega valitse või raiska. - enamik ajakasutuse probleemidest tulenevad halbadest kommetest ja sihi puudumisest.
§ Korraldage igas aastas/kvartalis isiklik “tormijooksu” nädal. – plaanite nädala ette ning rabate tööd selle nädala jooksul nii palju kui võimalik. Kui nädala lõpus on su siht täitumas, kasvab ka kohe sinu enesekindlus.
Müügikatsetel on suitsetamine ja alkoholipruukimine välistatud
§ Ärge suitsetage või pruukige alkoholi - isegi siis kui potentsiaalne klient teile seda pakub, sellega võite kaotada müügitehingu.
§ Alkohol on depressant, mitte stimulaator – tähtsale operatsioonile minev kirurgile ei soovitaks alkoholi, samas aga paljud arvavad, et alkohol on meeli ergutav.
Looge hingeline reserv ning kasutage seda
§ Uskuge millessegi või kellesegi – see aitab meil probleeme lahendada, sest alati me ei leia vastuseid teiste inimeste käest.
§ Lahendage oma probleemid – sest kui te neid ei lahenda hakkate te müügi ajal mõtlema oma probleemidele, mitte kliendi omadele.
§ Kõige produktiivsemad töölised on kes usuvad millessegi.
James C. Collins ja Jerry I.Porras "Loodud kestma - perspektiivikate firmade edutoovad tavad"
# Olla kellassepp, mitte ajaütleja
# Ei mingit VÕI-türanniat (elage Ja-geenivaimus)
# Midagi enamat kui kasum
# Säilitage põhisisu, innustage arengut
# Suured Heidutavalt Julged Eesmärgid
# Kultuslikud kultuurid
# Katsetage paljusid asju ja jääge sobiva juurde
# Firma seest sirgunud juhtkond
# Küllalt hea ei ole kunagi küllalt hea
# Alguse lõpp
# Visiooni loomine
# Olla kellassepp, mitte ajaütleja
Kujutlege, et kohtute inimest, kes suudab suvalisel ajal taevasse vaadates päikese või tähtede järgi öelda täpse kuupäeva ja kellaaja. Selline inimene oleks tähelepanuväärselt täpne ajaütleja ning arvatavasti me austaksime teda hardalt tema haruldase võime pärast. Ent kas ta poleks veelgi imetlusväärsem, kui ta ajaütlemise asemel meisterdaks kella, mis oskaks õiget aega öelda ka pärast tema enda lahkumist?
"Wal-Marti personal tegutseb keskkonnas, kus julgustatakse muutma ja eksperimenteerima. Näiteks filiaali ettepanekuid (turunduse ja kulude kokkuhoiu ideede vallas) levitatakse kiiresti. Korrutage iga ettepanek rohkem kui 750 paupluse ja rohkem kui 80 000 töötajaga (kes võivad potensiaalselt ettepanekuid teha) ja te näete, kui märkimisväärne müügitulu kasv, kulude kärpimine ja tootlikuse tõus selle tagajärjeks on."
* Suure idee müüt* Võimsa ja karismaatilise liidri müüt
Kõik liidrid surevad ükskord, kuid perspektiivikad firmad elavad edasi.
Ph.D. Phillip C.McGraw "Elustrateegiad. Olulised ja kasulikud teadmised eluga toimetulekuks"
Kui ma tahan kellegi huvi äratada ja mul on vaja teada, mida see inimene endast kujutab, siis uurin ma kindlasti välja:* mida ta kõige enam väärtustab, kas eetilisi tõekspidamisi, edukust ja raha, sõltumatust või kaastunnet; mis on tema jaoks kõige olulisem?* mida ta elult ootab ja millesse usub?* mille suhtes ta tõrjuv on, millised hirmud, kinnisideed ja eelarvamused teda mõjutavad?* millised lähenemisviisid ja elufilosoofiad talle vastuvõetavad on, millised mitte?* milega teda veenda, et olen mõistlik ja usaldusväärne inimene?* mis talle oluline on?* kuidas ta endaga rahul on?* mida ta kõige enam elus ihkab?
Kümme kõige iseloomulikumat inimloomuse ühisjoont, millega tuleb arvestada inimestega suhtlemise:* kõige enam kardavad inimesed äratõukamist.* kõige rohkem vajatakse heakskiitu. =z "Teil (kelneril) on täna nii palju kliente. Ma lausa imetlen, kuidas te kõik teenindada jõuate. Pidage ikka vastu."* inimesi saab kõige edukamalt mõjutada, kui me ei riiva nende enesehinnangut.* absoluutselt igale olukorrale lähenetakse küsimusega "mis mina sellest saan?"* absoluutselt kõik eelistavad rääkida teemal, mis on neile oluline.* inimesed kuulevad ja võtavad omaks ainult seda, mida nad mõistavad.* meile meeldivad need ja me usaldame neid, kellele meeldime meie.* sageli on tegude põhjused hoopis mujal, kui esmapilgul paistab.* ka lugupeetud inimesed on sageli väiklased ja küündimatud.* absoluutselt kõik inimesed peidavad üldsuse ees oma tegelikku olemust; et inimest näha, tuleb maski taha vaadata.
# Kogemused on meie endi kätetöö
Me suhtleme päeva jooksul paljude erinevate inimestega, kuid kõige aktiivsem ja järjepidevam dialoog toimub meis endis. Teiste inimestega puutume kokku mingi aja jooksul, aga iseendaga oleme koos kogu päeva, iga päev. Seega on väga oluline, mida me (endast) mõtleme .
# Me teeme seda, mida tasub teha
Kui ma teen midagi korduvalt, siis tasub see mulle mingil moel ära, kuigi see võib ebaloogiline tunduda. Ma ei hakka end seda eitades petma. Kui ma hoolega järele mõtlen, siis saan aru, mis ajendab mind negatiivselt käituma. Eranditult kõik minu toimimis- käitumisviisid kõikvõimalikes olukordades alluvad kompenseerimispõhimõttele. Ma ei ole mingi erand, sest erandeid siin ei ole.
Kui teil tundub, et te ei saa elult seda, mida soovite, ega suuda selle saamise nimel pingutada, siis tehke kindlaks, mis teid tagasi hoiab.
# Muuta saab ainult seda, mida me endale teadvustame
Kujutlege, et arst küsib, kas teil on tasakaaluhäireid, ja teie, selle asemel, et tunnistada nende esinemist, vastate eitavalt. Mis juhtub? Arst ei tegele teie probleemidega ja tasakaaluhäired püsivad.
Olukorra eitamine võib olla ka äärmiselt ohtlik nt üks lennuõnnetus kus kapten eitas olukorda, et ta on eksinud võõras mägises kohas ning selle asemel, et kõrgust tõsta juhindus autopiloodist, mitte teistest näitajatest ning toimuski kokkupõrge mäega. Lennukipiloodidel oli ligi minut aega endale probleemi teadvustada ja midagi ette võtta. Kui palju aega teile on antud?
Kui te ei suuda enda olukorda ja toimimisviise halastamatu aususega hinnata, ei ole teil võimalik oma elu muuta.
Dr McGraw, tahaksin oma abielu päästa, ükskõik, kellel meist õigus on MITTE saage aru, ma tean, kuidas asjad on. Veenge mu abikaasat, et minul on õigus, ja me võime minu äranägemise järgi kooselu jätkata.
Inimesed on loomu poolest hedonistlikud`- see tähendab, et nad otsivad lõbu ja väldivad kannatusi ehk neile meeldib mugavalt ära elada ja selleks püütakse vana olukorda säilitada, sest igasugused uutmoodi tegutsemine tekitab kartusi, on riskantne ja esitab teatud nõudmisi.
# Elu edasiviiv jõud on tegutsemine
Inimesi ei huvita teie kavatsused, neid huvitavad teie teod. Maksuametnikule ei lähe korda, et te kavatsesite maksud ära maksta. Teie näljast last ei lohuta teadmine, et te kavatsesite süüa teha. Sõiduteed ületanud inimesi ei rahusta teadasaamine, et te ei kavatsenud talle otsa sõita.
OLE pühendunud, TEE, mis vaja, ja SAA, mida vajad. Tee võite olla kõvasti targem, kui nädal aega tagasi, aga kui te oma teadmisi ei rakenda, olete täpselt samas punktis, kus eelmisel nädalal.
Ükski mees ei leia surivoodil, et ta oleks pidanud äritegemistele rohkem aega pühendama. Me teame, mis on tähtis, kuid kas me pöörame sellele piisavalt tähelepanu ja tegutseme selle nimel? Pigem kipume tegema vaid möödapääsmatuid pisiasju ja lükkame kõik olulist üha edasi.
Tehke nimekiri viist kuni kümnest teile kõige tähtsamast inimesest. Seejärel pange iga nime juurde ausalt kirja, mida olulist jääks ütlemata, kui teid või neid enam olemas ei oleks. Jagatuid tundeid hoitakse terve elu nagu aaret, seega jagatud tunnetel on kaugelt suurem väärtus kui ainult teie teadmises hoitud tunnetel.
Elukatekooriad: isiklik, suhted, töö, perekond, usk
Kannatus sunnib teid tegutsema. Kasutage seda halvast seisust välja tulekuks ja paremasse olukorda jõudmiseks. Kannatust, mis teid vaevab, saab pöörata enda kasuks. See ehk julgustab teid oma elu muutma.
Mõistlik riskeerimine. Luba endale tahta rohkem ja asu tegutsema!
# Reaalsus puudub, on ainult arusaamad
Abikaasad mõistavad ka nii lihtsat asja nagu prügi väljaviimist väga erinevalt. Nt mehed peavad seda kohustuseks, naised mehepoolseks armastusavalduseks (põhjendus: Prügi väljaviimine on vastumeelne tegevus. Kui mees mind armastab, viib ta prügi ise välja, et mina seda tegema ei peaks)
Me kõik näeme maailma läbi filtri. Filtreid on erinevaid: meie isikupära, suhtumine, vaatenurgad, minevik, eluviis. Need kõik mõjutavad, kuidas me tõlgendame oma elus ette tulevaid olukordi. Nähes maailma läbi minevikufiltri, lasete minevikul valitseda nii oma oleviku kui ka tuleviku üle. Tehke kindlaks, mis teie arusaama moonutab. Kas te kipute igas inimeses vaenlast nägema? Kas te tõrjute vastassugupoolt? Kipute pimesi inimesi usaldama?
# Probleemid lahendab õige elukorraldus
2) Püüdke oma probleeme lahendada, mitte taluda. Kulutage energiat enda murede lahendamisele, mitte kellegi teise omadele. Kui te kogute oma turjale lahendamata probleeme, ei suuda te oma lähedaste jaoks olla tugev, terve ega mõistlik.
3) Hoiduge vastuseta jäetud küsimustest (Mis siis saab kui...?). Ebamäärane hirm tundmatu ees mõjub halvalt. Kui te pommitate end sõnadega "miks", "mida" ja "kuidas", on äärmiselt oluline neile ka mõistlikud vastused leida.
4) Ärge jätke emotsionaalseid pingeid lahendamata. Vältige murekoormate kuhjumist, lahendage emotsioonaalsed pinged, sest muidu hakkame väikestele situatsioonidele liiga ägedalt reageerima.
5) Pidage kinni kokkulepetest, mis te olere sõlminud iseenda või teistega. Kokkulepete murdmisest võib saada halb harjumus ning ühel hetkel ei anna te endale enam aru, et veate kedagi pidevalt alt. Küsige endalt, et mis kokkuleppeid olete viimasel ajalt murdnud? Kokkulepete murdmine teeb teistele rohkem haiget kui teile endile. Endaga sõlmitud kokkulepet murdes tõrjute te iseennast.
Edward de Bono "Lateral thinking - Creativity step by step"
Difference between lateral and vertical thinking
· Vertical thinking is selective, lateral thinking is generative
· Vertical thinking moves only if there is a direction in which to move, lateral thinking moves, in order to generate a direction
· Vertical thinking is analytical, lateral thinking is provocative
· Vertical thinking is sequential, lateral thinking can make jumps
· With vertical thinking one has to be correct at every step, with lateral thinking one does not have to be
· With vertical thinking one uses the negative in order to block off certain pathways. With lateral thinking there is no negative
· With vertical thinking on concentrates and excludes what is irrelevant, with lateral thinking one welcomes chance instrusions
· With vertical thinking categories, classifications and labels are fixed, with lateral thinking they are not
· Vertical thinking follows the most likely paths, lateral thinking explores the least likelyVertical thinking is a finite process, lateral thinking is probabilistic
Techinques
The generation of alternatives
In the natural search for alternatives on is looking for the best possible approach, in the lateral search for alternatives one is trying to produce as many alternatives as possible. One is not looking fot the best approach but for as many different approaches as possible.
In the natural search for alternatives one stops when one comes to a promising approach. In the lateral search for alternatives one acknowleges the promisint approach and may return to it later but one goes on generating other alternatives.
In the natural search for alternatives one considers only reasonable alternatives. In the lateral search for alternatives these do not have to be reasonable.
Even if the search for alternatives proves to be waste of time in a particular case it helps develop the habit of looking for alternatives instead of blindly accepting the most obious approach.
Set a quota – the advantage of having a predetermined quota is that one goes on generating alternatives until one has filles the quota and this means that if a particularly promising alternative occurs early int the search on acknowleadges it and moves on instead of being captured by it
Challenging assumptions
It is usually asumed that the basic ideas are sound and then one starts fitting them together to give different patterns. But the basic ideas are themselves patterns that can be restructured. It is the purpuse of lateral thinking to challenge any assumption for it is the purpose of latheral thinking to try and restructure any pattern.
In problem solving one always asuumes certain boundaries. Such boundaries make it much easier to solve the problem by reducing the area within the problem solving has to take a place. But if such boundaries or limits are wrongly set then it may be as impossible to solve the problem as it would be to find an address south of the river Thames by looking north of the river.
Use „why“ technique – the usual respons to „why“ is to explain something unfamiliar in terms that are familiar enough to be acceptable explanation. With the „why“ technique these familiar terms are questions as well. Nothing is sacred. The intention is to create discomfort with any explanation. By refusing to be comforted with an explanation one tries to look at things in a different way and so increses the possibility of restructuring the pattern.
Suspended judgement
The purpose of thinking is not to be right but to be effective. Vertical thinking involves being right all along. Judgement is excercised at every stage. With latheral thinking one is allowed to be wrong on the way even though one must be right in the end. This is called delaying of judgement insteade of applying it immediately. Shift attention from it won’t work TO how it can be useful or where could it lead.
The suspension of judgement can have the following effects:
· An idea will survive longer and will breed further ideas;
· Other people will offer ideas which their own judgment would have rejected. Such ideas may be extremely useful to those receiving them;
· The ideas of others can be accepted for their stimulatinf effect instead of being rejected;
· Ideas which are judged to be wrong within the current frame of reference may survive long enough to show that frame of reference needs altering.
Design
just excercises...
Dominant ideas and crusial factors
Unless one can convert a vague awereness to a definite pattern it is extremely difficult to generate alternative patterns, alternative ways of looking at the situation. In a define situation one picks out the dominant idea not in order to be frozen by that idea but in order to be able to generate alternative ideas.
Example designing an apple picking machine: the dominant problem for the engineers is „advantage over manual labour“ whereas for the childeren it is „getting/reaching the apples“.
A crusial factor is some element of the situation which must always be included no matter how one looks at the situation. The crusial factor is a tethering point. Very often a crusial factor is an assumption – at least the „crucial“ nature of that factor is an assumption. If the factor is found not to be crucial then the tethering effect of that factor disappears and there is more freedom in structuring the situation.
In the design of a machine for picking apples a crucial factor may have been „that the apples must not be damaged“ or „only ripe apples were to be picked“. The necessity to include such crucial factors would restrict the way the problem could be looked at. For instance shaking the tree would not be a good idea.
Fractionation
The reversal method
Brainstorming
Analogies
Choice of entry point and attention area
Random stimulation
Consepts / divisions / polarization
The new word po
Blocked by openness
Description / problem solving / design